Background and Trigger:

• Bangladesh, the fourth-largest country in the world by population, has been on edge due to widespread protests.
• The demonstrations began over a controversial quota system for government jobs.
• This system reserved a set proportion of roles for descendants of fighters from Bangladesh’s War of Independence in 1971.
• The quota system was seen to appease Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s political base.

The Protests:

• The protests initially started as peaceful demands from university students to abolish quotas in civil service jobs.
• A third of these jobs were reserved for relatives of veterans from the 1971 war.
• Students argued that the system was discriminatory and needed an overhaul.
• Although their request was partially met, the protests transformed into a broader anti-government movement.
• People from various walks of life joined the movement, leading to clashes and unrest.
• Over 300 people lost their lives during the protests, with media and protesters blaming the police.

Unemployment and Economic Discontent:

• Despite being a fast-growing economy, Bangladesh faced challenges translating growth into jobs for university graduates.
• Approximately 18 million young Bangladeshis were seeking employment.
• University graduates experienced higher rates of unemployment compared to their less-educated peers.
• The country had become a major exporter of ready-to-wear clothing, but job opportunities remained scarce.

Sheikh Hasina’s Resignation:

• Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, who had ruled for 15 years, faced mounting pressure.
• Critics accused her of becoming increasingly autocratic during her tenure.
• After weeks of protests, she resigned abruptly and fled the country.
• Crowds stormed her official residence in Dhaka, resulting in violence and casualties.
• An interim government is expected to be formed, and Nobel Prize-winning banker Muhammad Yunus may take over as interim leader.

Conclusion:

• Bangladesh stands at a historic turning point, with significant political shifts and social upheaval.
• The protests reflect deep-seated issues related to governance, economic policies, and youth unemployment.
• As the situation evolves, the nation grapples with its future path and leadership.